Construction remains one of the most hazardous industries globally, with African nations facing significant challenges in ensuring worker safety. Limited comprehensive data across the continent makes it difficult to ascertain the full extent of the issue, but available statistics and reports highlight concerning trends.
Fatality Rates in African Construction
Tanzania: A 2013 National Audit Office report indicated that the construction/building industry had the highest fatality rate at 23.7%, followed by transport (20.6%) and mining/quarrying (20.5%). However, challenges in data collection and reporting systems may affect the accuracy of these figures.
South Africa: The construction industry in South Africa reports approximately 150 fatalities and 400 injuries annually. Between 2015 and 2021, there were 54,964 injuries requiring medical attention, averaging about 36 injuries daily. Major injury types include ‘falling to different levels’ and ‘struck by’ incidents.
Primary Causes of Fatalities
The leading causes of death in construction, often referred to as the “Fatal Four,” include:
- Falls: The most common cause, responsible for a significant number of fatalities.
- Electrocutions: Workers coming into contact with live wires or electrical sources.
- Struck-by Incidents: Being hit by falling objects or equipment.
- Caught-in/between Accidents: Incidents where workers are caught in or compressed by equipment or structures.
Eliminating these “Fatal Four” would save 591 workers’ lives in America every year.
Unaddressed Safety Gaps
Several systemic issues contribute to the high fatality rates in construction:
- Safety Culture: A lack of emphasis on safety protocols and training can lead to preventable accidents.
- Regulatory Oversight: Inconsistent enforcement of safety regulations allows hazardous practices to persist.
- Economic Pressures: Budget constraints and tight deadlines may lead contractors to prioritize speed over safety, increasing risks for workers.
Case Study: Rio Tinto’s Simandou Project in Guinea
Between June 2023 and November 2024, six local workers lost their lives during the construction of a port and a 670-kilometer railway for the Simandou iron ore project in Guinea. Investigations revealed non-implementation of safety protocols, particularly by subcontractors, and numerous unreported accidents.
Addressing Safety Gaps
To mitigate fatalities and enhance safety in the African construction industry, the following measures are essential:
- Enhanced Training: Implement regular and comprehensive safety training programs for all workers.
- Strict Enforcement: Ensure consistent application of safety regulations and impose penalties for non-compliance.
- Safety-First Culture: Promote a workplace environment where safety is prioritized over cost-cutting or expedited timelines.
The high death rates among construction workers in Africa are a pressing concern that demands immediate attention. By acknowledging and addressing the underlying safety gaps, stakeholders can work towards a safer and more responsible construction industry.
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